公文中高頻詞“全面”怎么翻譯？

“全面(mian)”一詞在政府公文中十分常見，沒有(you)放之四海皆(jie)準(zhun)的譯法，但還是要根(gen)據具體語境和意義選詞。

以下(xia)例句(ju)均出(chu)自十九(jiu)大(da)報告雙語。

“全面”一詞一般和動作搭配，修飾動作，比如“全面建設小康社會”、“全面深化改革”。最常見的譯法是處理成狀語，比如in all respects/areas, on all fronts, in every respect/dimension, across the board，或者副詞：

全面建成小康社會 build a moderately prosperous society in all aspects

全面深化改革 deepen reform in all areas

全面從嚴治軍 govern the military with strict discipline in every respect

改革全面發力、多點突破、縱深推進 We have taken moves across the board, achieved breakthroughs in many areas, and made deeper progress in reform.

推動形成全面開放新格局 make new ground in pursuing opening up on all fronts/in all areas

全(quan)(quan)黨要深刻領會新(xin)時(shi)代中(zhong)國特色社會主義(yi)思想的精神實質和豐(feng)富內(nei)涵，在各項工作中(zhong)全(quan)(quan)面準確貫徹落(luo)實。Everyone in the Party should develop a good grasp of the essence and rich implications of the Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and fully and faithfully apply it in all our work.

我(wo)國物(wu)質文(wen)明、政治文(wen)明、精神(shen)文(wen)明、社會文(wen)明、生態文(wen)明將(jiang)全面提升(sheng)。New heights are reached in every dimension of material, political, cultural and ethical, social, and ecological advancement.

這句(ju)話中，“全面”表示的是物質、政(zheng)治、精神(shen)、社會、生(sheng)態等各個方面的文明，所以用了in every dimension of...，每一個維度方面都有提(ti)升advancement.

全面實施市場準入負面清單制度 We will introduce a negative list for market access nationwide.

這句話中要注意的是(shi)，“全面”并不是(shi)針(zhen)對(dui)實(shi)施力度(du)，而是(shi)針(zhen)對(dui)實(shi)施的范圍(wei)(wei)，是(shi)全國(guo)范圍(wei)(wei)內的，所以(yi)處理(li)為nationwide。

這些動作也經常處理為名詞，比如最常見的efforts, steps，所以“全面”也相應地處理為形容詞，比如comprehensive, all-round, overall，修飾經名詞化處理的動作。

比如：上個部分有(you)一句：

全面深化改革，也可以這樣翻譯：take comprehensive steps to deepen reform

堅持全面從嚴治黨 exercise full and rigorous governance over the Party

全面節約資源有效推進Across-the-board efforts to conserve resources have seen encouraging progress

牢牢掌握憲法和基本法賦予的中央對香港、澳門全面管治權 We have ensured that the central government exercises its overall jurisdiction over Hong Kong and Macao as mandated by China's Constitution and the basic laws of the two special administrative regions.

全面推進中國特色大國外交 We have made all-round efforts in the pursuit of major country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics

全面加強黨的領導 We have made sweeping efforts to strengthen Party leadership

推動人的全面發展、社會全面進步 promote well-rounded human development and all-round social progress

值得注意的是，這個all-round經常用來形容人的能力很全面，比如：培養德智體美全面發展的社會主義建設者和接班人 nurture a new generation of capable young people who have a good and all-round moral, intellectual, physical, and aesthetical grounding and are well-prepared to join the socialist cause

有時候，文件里喜歡用一些縮略語，比如“三個代表”、“四個全面”。此時不能簡單照字面翻譯為four comprehensives，而要把縮略的搭配詞補充翻譯出來，作為“全面”的修飾對象，就比如這個“四個全面”：

the four-pronged comprehensive strategy: to make comprehensive moves to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, deepen reform, advance law-based governance, and strengthen Party self-governance

當然，也有時候“全面”一詞并沒有直接體現，而是和它搭配的動詞一起用用一個英文動詞高度概括了出來，比如：

社會主義協商民主全面展開 Socialist consultative democracy is flourishing.

這(zhe)個“全面(mian)展開(kai)”主(zhu)要體現的(de)就(jiu)是熱火朝天(tian)的(de)動作勢頭，用flourish一詞概括了。